For Command
From Luke Jackson
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Summary
The for command for Dos is able to execute batch operations from the Windows command prompt.
Key Points
%A vs. %%A
%A is for use on command lines only. In all examples and syntax lines shown %A should be substituted with %%A when used in batch files.
%a vs. %A
The A in %A may be replaced by any character, either upper case or lower case, except numbers. Note, however, that variables are case sensitive, so be consistent:
FOR %A IN (1 2 3) DO ECHO %a
will not work.
FOR %? IN (1 2 3) DO ECHO %?
on the other hand, will.
delims=xxx
Specifies a delimiter set.
Note: This replaces the default delimiter set of space and tab.
Usage
Runs a specified command for each file in a set of files.
FOR %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]
%variable Specifies a single letter replaceable parameter.
(set) Specifies a set of one or more files. Wildcards may be used.
command Specifies the command to carry out for each file.
command-parameters
Specifies parameters or switches for the specified command.
To use the FOR command in a batch program, specify %%variable instead of %variable. Variable names are case sensitive, so %i is different from %I.
If Command Extensions are enabled, the following additional forms of the FOR command are supported:
FOR /D %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]
If set contains wildcards, then specifies to match against directory names instead of file names.
FOR /R [[drive:]path] %variable IN (set) DO command [command-parameters]
Walks the directory tree rooted at [drive:]path, executing the FOR statement in each directory of the tree. If no directory specification is specified after /R then the current directory is assumed. If set is just a single period (.) character then it will just enumerate the directory tree.
FOR /L %variable IN (start,step,end) DO command [command-parameters]
The set is a sequence of numbers from start to end, by step amount. So (1,1,5) would generate the sequence 1 2 3 4 5 and (5,-1,1) would generate the sequence (5 4 3 2 1)
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ("string") DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('command') DO command [command-parameters]
or, if usebackq option present:
FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (file-set) DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN ('string') DO command [command-parameters] FOR /F ["options"] %variable IN (`command`) DO command [command-parameters]
filenameset is one or more file names. Each file is opened, read and processed before going on to the next file in filenameset. Processing consists of reading in the file, breaking it up into individual lines of text and then parsing each line into zero or more tokens. The body of the for loop is then called with the variable value(s) set to the found token string(s). By default, /F passes the first blank separated token from each line of each file. Blank lines are skipped. You can override the default parsing behavior by specifying the optional "options" parameter. This is a quoted string which contains one or more keywords to specify different parsing options. The keywords are:
eol=c - specifies an end of line comment character
(just one)
skip=n - specifies the number of lines to skip at the
beginning of the file.
delims=xxx - specifies a delimiter set. This replaces the
default delimiter set of space and tab.
tokens=x,y,m-n - specifies which tokens from each line are to
be passed to the for body for each iteration.
This will cause additional variable names to
be allocated. The m-n form is a range,
specifying the mth through the nth tokens. If
the last character in the tokens= string is an
asterisk, then an additional variable is
allocated and receives the remaining text on
the line after the last token parsed.
usebackq - specifies that the new semantics are in force,
where a back quoted string is executed as a
command and a single quoted string is a
literal string command and allows the use of
double quotes to quote file names in
filenameset.
Some examples might help:
FOR /F "eol=; tokens=2,3* delims=, " %i in (myfile.txt) do @echo %i %j %k
would parse each line in myfile.txt, ignoring lines that begin with a semicolon, passing the 2nd and 3rd token from each line to the for body, with tokens delimited by commas and/or spaces. Notice the for body statements reference %i to get the 2nd token, %j to get the 3rd token, and %k to get all remaining tokens after the 3rd. For file names that contain spaces, you need to quote the filenames with double quotes. In order to use double quotes in this manner, you also need to use the usebackq option, otherwise the double quotes will be interpreted as defining a literal string to parse.
%i is explicitly declared in the for statement and the %j and %k are implicitly declared via the tokens= option. You can specify up to 26 tokens via the tokens= line, provided it does not cause an attempt to declare a variable higher than the letter 'z' or 'Z'. Remember, FOR variables are single-letter, case sensitive, global, and you can't have more than 52 total active at any one time.
You can also use the FOR /F parsing logic on an immediate string, by making the filenameset between the parenthesis a quoted string, using single quote characters. It will be treated as a single line of input from a file and parsed.
Finally, you can use the FOR /F command to parse the output of a command. You do this by making the filenameset between the parenthesis a back quoted string. It will be treated as a command line, which is passed to a child CMD.EXE and the output is captured into memory and parsed as if it was a file. So the following example:
FOR /F "usebackq delims==" %i IN (`set`) DO @echo %i
would enumerate the environment variable names in the current environment.
In addition, substitution of FOR variable references has been enhanced. You can now use the following optional syntax:
%~I - expands %I removing any surrounding quotes (")
%~fI - expands %I to a fully qualified path name
%~dI - expands %I to a drive letter only
%~pI - expands %I to a path only
%~nI - expands %I to a file name only
%~xI - expands %I to a file extension only
%~sI - expanded path contains short names only
%~aI - expands %I to file attributes of file
%~tI - expands %I to date/time of file
%~zI - expands %I to size of file
%~$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH
environment variable and expands %I to the
fully qualified name of the first one found.
If the environment variable name is not
defined or the file is not found by the
search, then this modifier expands to the
empty string
The modifiers can be combined to get compound results:
%~dpI - expands %I to a drive letter and path only
%~nxI - expands %I to a file name and extension only
%~fsI - expands %I to a full path name with short names only
%~dp$PATH:I - searches the directories listed in the PATH
environment variable for %I and expands to the
drive letter and path of the first one found.
%~ftzaI - expands %I to a DIR like output line
In the above examples %I and PATH can be replaced by other valid values. The %~ syntax is terminated by a valid FOR variable name. Picking upper case variable names like %I makes it more readable and avoids confusion with the modifiers, which are not case sensitive.
Examples
Batch Rename Folder
Rename all occurrences of folder in current directory and all subdirectories:
FOR /R %I IN (.) DO IF "%~nI" equ "(2000) - Singles" ren "%~fI" "(0000) - Singles" pause
Delete Folder
Delete all occurrences of folder and folder contents in current directory and all subdirectories:
FOR /R %I IN (.) DO IF "%~nI" equ "<folder>" rmdir /s /q "%~fI" pause
Copy and Rename File/Folder Into Every Subdirectory
Copies and renames a file or folder into every subdirectory of the current directory:
FOR /R %I IN (.) DO copy "%HOMEPATH%\Desktop\test.cmx" "%~fI\%~nI.cmx" pause
Show file count in current directory
for /f %I in ('dir /b /a-d /o-d ^| find /c /v ""') do echo %I
Delete the oldest files if more than 10 files exist
for /f "delims=" %I in ('dir /b /a-d /od') do for /f %J in ('dir /b /a-d ^| find /c /v ""') do IF %J gtr 10 del %~nxI
Delete the oldest *.csv files if more than 10 files exist
for /f "delims=" %I in ('dir \csv\*.csv /s /b /a-d /od') do for /f %J in ('dir \csv\*.csv /b /a-d ^| find /c /v ""') do IF %J gtr 10 IF "%~xI" == ".csv" del "%~pnxI"
Note the use of carets (ˆ, highlighted) as escape characters for the pipe symbols within the brackets of the second FOR loop!
Rename "Part" of Directory or File Name
Rename only a portion of every file or directory recursively.
for /F "delims=" %A in ('dir /b /s /ad /on') do for /F "tokens=1* delims= " %G in ("%~nA") do IF "%G" equ "(2007)" ren "%~dA%~pA%G %H" "(2008) %H"
Rename ending of every file which matches pattern if token is true.
for /F "delims=" %A in ('dir \csv\*ups_worldship*.csv /s /b /a-d /od') do for /F "tokens=1-4* delims=_" %G in ("%~nA") do IF "%J" EQU "f3" ren "%A" "%G_%H_%I_ups_worldship_f3.csv"
Swap configuration with transaction number positions
for /F "delims=" %A in ('dir /b /s /ad /on') do for /F "tokens=1-2* delims=_" %G in ("%~nA") do ren "%A" "%H_%G_%I"
Rename mp3 folders
for /F "delims=" %A in ('dir /b /s /ad /on') do for /F "tokens=3-6 delims=_" %G in ("%~nA") do for /F "tokens=1,2 delims=-" %Q in ("%I") do ren "%A" "(2009) - %G %H %Q"
Rename Only *Front.jpg
for /F "delims=" %A in ('dir /b /s /a-d /on *Front.jpg') do IF "%A" neq "Front.jpg" ren "%A" "Front.jpg"
Move Files Based on Text File
for /f %I in ('type test.txt') do move %I old\%I
Linux
Combine Files with Separator
for i in *.html; do cat "$i"; echo -e '|'; done | pbcopy